Anti-Vpr activities of sesqui- and diterpenoids from the roots and rhizomes of Kaempferia candida

New copaene-type and nerolidol-type sesquiterpenoids, 7-hydroxymustakone (1) and 15-hydroxynerolidol (2), and a 15-norlabdane diterpenoid, kaempcandiol (3), together with four known compounds (4–7) were isolated from the chloroform extract of Kaempferia candida roots and rhizomes. The structures of the new compounds 1–3 were elucidated based on 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS spectroscopic analyses. The extract of the K. candida roots and rhizomes and all isolated compounds 1–7 possessed HIV-1 viral protein R (Vpr) inhibitory activities on the TREx-HeLa-Vpr cell line at a 5 μM concentration, without detectable cytotoxicity.