Correction to: Prenatal metal concentrations and physical abnormalities in the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (Pediatric Research, (2023), 10.1038/s41390-023-02851-4)

Correction to: Pediatric Researchhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-023-02851-4, published online 19 October 2023 The authors identified a siginificant modification related to the results of the regression analysis. The primary focus of the analysis, manganese, remains almost unchanged. However, there are slight alterations in the 95% confidence intervals and p-values for cadmium, lead, mercury, and selenium in Table 3, Supplementary Table 2 and Supplementary Table 3. Consequently the original Table 3, Supplementary Table 2 and Supplementary Table 3: Table 3. Association of maternal blood Cd, Pb, Hg, Se, and Mn quartile concentrations with physical abnormalities. (Table presented.) Physical abnormalities (n_case = 11,163) Crude^a Adjusted^b Participants (n = 89,887)/Maternal blood Cd, Pb, Hg, Se, and Mn quartile concentrations OR (95% CI)^c p value OR (95% CI)^c p value Cd 1st quartile (≤0.495 ng/g) (n = 22,591) 1.00 (Reference) 1.00 (Reference) 2nd quartile (0.496–0.662 ng/g) (n = 22,472) 1.05 (1.00−1.11) 0.122 1.02 (0.97−1.08) 0.435 3rd quartile (0.663-0.903 ng/g) (n = 22,395) 1.04 (0.99−1.10) 0.138 1.01 (0.95−1.07) 0.844 4th quartile (≥0.904 ng/g) (n = 22,429) 1.07 (1.01−1.13) 0.023 1.00 (0.95−1.06) 0.925 p-value for trend 0.142 0.861 Pb 1st quartile (≤4.69 ng/g) (n = 22,520) 1.00 (Reference) 1.00 (Reference) 2nd quartile (4.70–5.84 ng/g) (n = 22,544) 1.02 (0.96−1.08) 0.557 1.01 (0.96−1.07) 0.694 3rd quartile (5.85–7.32 ng/g) (n = 22,461) 1.03 (0.98−1.09) 0.282 1.02 (0.96−1.08) 0.513 4th quartile (≥7.33 ng/g) (n = 22,362) 1.00 (0.95−1.06) 0.926 0.97 (0.92−1.03) 0.357 p-value for trend 0.686 0.411 Hg 1st quartile (≤2.54 ng/g) (n = 22,638) 1.00 (Reference) 1.00 (Reference) 2nd quartile (2.55–3.63 ng/g) (n = 22,394) 0.98 (0.93−1.04) 0.563 0.98 (0.93−1.03) 0.433 3rd quartile (3.64–5.19 ng/g) (n = 22,418) 0.99 (0.94−1.05) 0.685 0.98 (0.93−1.04) 0.486 4th quartile (≥5.20 ng/g) (n = 22,437) 0.97 (0.92−1.03) 0.297 0.96 (0.91−1.02) 0.154 p-value for trend 0.772 0.564 Se 1st quartile (≤156 ng/g) (n = 24,235) 1.00 (Reference) 1.00 (Reference) 2nd quartile (157–167 ng/g) (n = 21,083) 1.02 (0.96−1.08) 0.496 1.02 (0.97−1.08) 0.433 3rd quartile (168–181 ng/g) (n = 23,122) 1.03 (0.97−1.08) 0.372 1.03 (0.97−1.09) 0.311 4th quartile (≥182 ng/g) (n = 21,447) 1.01 (0.96−1.07) 0.619 1.02 (0.96−1.08) 0.584 p-value for trend 0.830 0.767 Mn 1st quartile (≤12.5 ng/g) (n = 22,639) 1.00 (Reference) 1.00 (Reference) 2nd quartile (12.6–15.3 ng/g) (n = 22,941) 0.98 (0.92−1.03) 0.384 0.98 (0.93−1.04) 0.517 3rd quartile (15.4–18.6 ng/g) (n = 22,351) 1.00 (0.95−1.06) 0.891 1.01 (0.96−1.07) 0.645 4th quartile (≥18.7 ng/g) (n = 21,956) 1.05 (1.00−1.11) 0.070 1.06 (1.01−1.13) 0.031 p-value for trend 0.056 0.034 OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval. ^aLogistic regression models are non-adjusted. ^bLogistic regression models were adjusted for maternal age, parity, artificial pregnancy, smoking in the first trimester, alcohol consumption in the first trimester, and child sex. ^cOR (95% CI) represents the expected odds ratio (95% confidence interval) compared with 1st quartile for Cd, Pb, Hg, Se, and Mn concentrations. have been corrected as follows: Table 3. Association of maternal blood Cd, Pb, Hg, Se, and Mn quartile concentrations with physical abnormalities. (Table presented.) Physical abnormalities (n_case = 11,163) Crude^a Adjusted^b Participants (n = 89,887)/Maternal blood Cd, Pb, Hg, Se, and Mn quartile concentrations OR (95% CI)^c p value OR (95% CI)^c p value Cd 1st quartile (≤0.495 ng/g) (n = 22,591) 1.00 (Reference) 1.00 (Reference) 2nd quartile (0.496–0.662 ng/g) (n = 22,472) 1.05 (1.00−1.11) 0.122 1.02 (0.97−1.08) 0.437 3rd quartile (0.663–0.903 ng/g) (n = 22,395) 1.04 (0.99−1.10) 0.138 1.01 (0.95−1.07) 0.849 4th quartile (≥0.904 ng/g) (n = 22,429) 1.07 (1.01−1.13) 0.023 1.00 (0.95−1.06) 0.927 p-value for trend 0.142 0.862 Pb 1st quartile (≤4.69 ng/g) (n = 22,520) 1.00 (Reference) 1.00 (Reference) 2nd quartile (4.70–5.84 ng/g) (n = 22,544) 1.02 (0.96−1.08) 0.557 1.01 (0.96−1.07) 0.695 3rd quartile (5.85–7.32 ng/g) (n = 22,461) 1.03 (0.98−1.09) 0.282 1.02 (0.96−1.08) 0.511 4th quartile (≥7.33 ng/g) (n = 22,362) 1.00 (0.95−1.06) 0.926 0.97 (0.92−1.03) 0.360 p-value for trend 0.686 0.414 Hg 1st quartile (≤2.54 ng/g) (n = 22,638) 1.00 (Reference) 1.00 (Reference) 2nd quartile (2.55–3.63 ng/g) (n = 22,394) 0.98 (0.93−1.04) 0.563 0.98 (0.93−1.03) 0.434 3rd quartile (3.64–5.19 ng/g) (n = 22,418) 0.99 (0.94−1.05) 0.685 0.98 (0.93−1.04) 0.491 4th quartile (≥5.20 ng/g) (n = 22,437) 0.97 (0.92−1.03) 0.297 0.96 (0.91−1.02) 0.157 p-value for trend 0.772 0.569 Se 1st quartile (≤156 ng/g) (n = 24,235) 1.00 (Reference) 1.00 (Reference) 2nd quartile (157–167 ng/g) (n = 21,083) 1.02 (0.96−1.08) 0.496 1.02 (0.97−1.08) 0.435 3rd quartile (168–181 ng/g) (n = 23,122) 1.03 (0.97−1.08) 0.372 1.03 (0.97−1.09) 0.313 4th quartile (≥182 ng/g) (n = 21,447) 1.01 (0.96−1.07) 0.619 1.02 (0.96−1.08) 0.581 p-value for trend 0.830 0.769 Mn 1st quartile (≤12.5 ng/g) (n = 22,639) 1.00 (Reference) 1.00 (Reference) 2nd quartile (12.6–15.3 ng/g) (n = 22,941) 0.98 (0.92−1.03) 0.384 0.98 (0.93−1.04) 0.516 3rd quartile (15.4–18.6 ng/g) (n = 22,351) 1.00 (0.95−1.06) 0.891 1.01 (0.96−1.07) 0.643 4th quartile (≥18.7 ng/g) (n = 21,956) 1.05 (1.00−1.11) 0.070 1.06 (1.01−1.13) 0.031 p-value for trend 0.056 0.034 OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval. ^aLogistic regression models are non-adjusted. ^bLogistic regression models were adjusted for maternal age, parity, artificial pregnancy, smoking in the first trimester, alcohol consumption in the first trimester, and child sex. ^cOR (95% CI) represents the expected odds ratio (95% confidence interval) compared with 1st quartile for Cd, Pb, Hg, Se, and Mn concentrations. The original article has been corrected.