TY - JOUR
T1 - Association between excessive screen time and school-level proportion of no family rules among elementary school children in Japan
T2 - a multilevel analysis
AU - Yamada, Masaaki
AU - Sekine, Michikazu
AU - Tatsuse, Takashi
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2024.
PY - 2024
Y1 - 2024
N2 - Background: Excessive screen time (ST) in children is a global concern. We assessed the association between individual-and school-level factors and excessive ST in Japanese children using a multilevel analysis. Methods: A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Toyama, Japan in 2018. From 110 elementary schools in Toyama Prefecture, 13,413 children in the 4th-6th grades (boys, 50.9%; mean, 10.5 years old) participated. We assessed lifestyle, recreational ST (not for study use), psychological status, and school and family environment including family rules. We defined >3 hours ST as excessive. We calculated the school-level proportions of no family rules and divided them into four categories (<20%, 20% to <30%, 30% to <40%, and >40%). A modified multilevel Poisson regression analysis was performed. Results: In total, 12,611 children were included in the analysis (94.0%). The average school-level proportion of those with no family rules was 32.1% (SD = 9.6). The prevalence of excessive ST was 29.9% (34.9% in boys; 24.8% in girls). The regression analysis showed that excessive ST was significantly associated with both individual-level factors, such as boys (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR); 1.39), older grades (aPR; 1.18 for 5th grades and 1.28 for 6th grades), late wakeup (aPR; 1.13), physical inactivity (aPR; 1.18 for not so much and 1.31 for rarely), late bedtime (aPR; 1.43 for 10 to 11 p.m. and 1.76 for >11 p.m.), frequent irritability (aPR; 1.24 for sometimes and 1.46 for often), feelings of school avoidance (aPR; 1.17 for sometimes and 1.22 for often), infrequent child-parental interaction (aPR; 1.16 for rare and 1.21 for none), no family rules (aPR; 1.56), smartphone ownership (aPR; 1.18), and the school-level proportion of no family rules (aPR; 1.20 for 20% to <30%, 1.29 for 30% to <40%, and 1.43 for >40%, setting <20% as reference). Conclusion: Besides individual factors, a higher school-level proportion of no family rules seemed influential on excessive ST. Increasing the number of households with family rules and addressing individual factors, could be deterrents against excessive ST in children.
AB - Background: Excessive screen time (ST) in children is a global concern. We assessed the association between individual-and school-level factors and excessive ST in Japanese children using a multilevel analysis. Methods: A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Toyama, Japan in 2018. From 110 elementary schools in Toyama Prefecture, 13,413 children in the 4th-6th grades (boys, 50.9%; mean, 10.5 years old) participated. We assessed lifestyle, recreational ST (not for study use), psychological status, and school and family environment including family rules. We defined >3 hours ST as excessive. We calculated the school-level proportions of no family rules and divided them into four categories (<20%, 20% to <30%, 30% to <40%, and >40%). A modified multilevel Poisson regression analysis was performed. Results: In total, 12,611 children were included in the analysis (94.0%). The average school-level proportion of those with no family rules was 32.1% (SD = 9.6). The prevalence of excessive ST was 29.9% (34.9% in boys; 24.8% in girls). The regression analysis showed that excessive ST was significantly associated with both individual-level factors, such as boys (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR); 1.39), older grades (aPR; 1.18 for 5th grades and 1.28 for 6th grades), late wakeup (aPR; 1.13), physical inactivity (aPR; 1.18 for not so much and 1.31 for rarely), late bedtime (aPR; 1.43 for 10 to 11 p.m. and 1.76 for >11 p.m.), frequent irritability (aPR; 1.24 for sometimes and 1.46 for often), feelings of school avoidance (aPR; 1.17 for sometimes and 1.22 for often), infrequent child-parental interaction (aPR; 1.16 for rare and 1.21 for none), no family rules (aPR; 1.56), smartphone ownership (aPR; 1.18), and the school-level proportion of no family rules (aPR; 1.20 for 20% to <30%, 1.29 for 30% to <40%, and 1.43 for >40%, setting <20% as reference). Conclusion: Besides individual factors, a higher school-level proportion of no family rules seemed influential on excessive ST. Increasing the number of households with family rules and addressing individual factors, could be deterrents against excessive ST in children.
KW - Addiction
KW - Algorithms
KW - Environment
KW - Family rules
KW - Gaming disorder
KW - Problematic
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85188045769&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1265/ehpm.23-00268
DO - 10.1265/ehpm.23-00268
M3 - 学術論文
C2 - 38494706
AN - SCOPUS:85188045769
SN - 1342-078X
VL - 29
JO - Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine
JF - Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine
M1 - 16
ER -