Effects of anesthetics and shear stress on the expression of E-selectin in cytokine-stimulated endothelial cells.

INTRODUCTION : Cell-surface E-selectin is a mediator of the rolling attachment of leukocytes to the endothelium, an essential step in extravasation of leukocytes at the site of inflammation, thereby playing a key role in localized inflammatory response. Elevated levels of soluble E-selectin in serum have been reported in a variety of pathological conditions. But there are no reports about the direct effect of anesthetics on soluble E-selectin production. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of anesthetics on soluble E-selectin release and E-selectin expression in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).METHODS : Confluent HUVECs were preincubated with ketamine (0,10,100μM) at 37℃ for 2 h and then the confluent monolayer cells were further incubated for 4 h in the absence or the presence of IL-1 (5U/ml). After incubation, the culture medium was collected, centrifuged to remove cell debris, and used as a condtioned medium (CM). The concentrations of soluble E-Selectin in the CM were determined with a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Furthermore, we assessed E-selectin mRNA levels by Northern blottiong.RESULTS : In the absence of ketamine, treatment with IL-1 caused a significant (p